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Documents

This page contains links to a number of pdf documents and websites related to carbon cycle science. 

Resources, reports, papers, slides and videos from U.S. Carbon Program Activities

A U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan(s) 

Carbon Cycle Project Office 

North American Carbon Program

Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry

International Programs and Agreements: Global Carbon Project, CarboNA

US Global Change Research Program

Synthesis and Assessment Products

Our Changing Planet

Other USGCRP Documents

 

Carbon Cycle Science Project Office

Guiding Documents

The Second Decadal U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan: Michalak A., Jackson R., Marland G. and Sabine C, co-chairs. 2011. A U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan : A Report of the Carbon Cycle Science Steering Group and Subcommittee

Carbon Cycle Scientific Steering Group Charter September 2005.

The First U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan: Sarmiento, J.L. and S.C. Wofsy. 1999. A U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan. A Report of the Carbon and Climate Working Group for the U.S. Global Change Research Program Washington, DC: U.S. Global Change Research Program.

Other CCSPO-related Materials

2025 (examples)

Zhang, Z., Poulter, B., Melton, J. R., Riley, W. J., Allen, G. H., Beerling, D. J., ... & Zhuang, Q. 2025. Ensemble estimates of global wetland methane emissions over 2000–2020. Biogeosciences, 22(1), 305-321.

Ou, Y., Xue, Z. G., & Hu, X. 2025. A numerical assessment of ocean alkalinity enhancement efficiency on a river-dominated continental shelf–a case study in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Environmental Research Letters.

2024 

Byrne, B., Liu, J., Bowman, K. W., Pascolini-Campbell, M., Chatterjee, A., Pandey, S., ... & Sinha, S. (2024). Carbon emissions from the 2023 Canadian wildfires. Nature, 633(8031), 835-839.

Clark, J. B., & Uz, S. S. 2024. Toward the future integration of land-to-ocean observing systems to characterize organic carbon fluxes from storms. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 302, 108694.

East, J. D., Jacob, D. J., Balasuds, N., Bloom, A. A., Bruhwiler, L., Chen, Z., ... & Zhang, Z. 2024. Interpreting the seasonality of atmospheric methane. Geophysical Research Letters, 51(10), e2024GL108494.

Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., ... & Zeng, J. 2024. Global Carbon Budget 2024. Earth System Science Data Discussions, 2024, 1-133.

Javadpoor, M., Sharifi, A., & Gurney, K. R. 2024. Mapping the relationship between urban form and CO2 emissions in three US cities using the Local Climate Zones (LCZ) framework. Journal of Environmental Management, 370, 122723.

Jiang, L. Q., Boyer, T. P., Paver, C. R., Yoo, H., Reagan, J. R., Alin, S. R., ... & Wanninkhof, R. 2024. Climatological distribution of ocean acidification variables along the North American ocean margins. Earth System Science Data, 16(7), 3383-3390.

Kang, K. A., Marín-Spiotta, E., Vaughan, E., Ferring, C. R., & Ponette-González, A. G. 2024. Soil black carbon increases under urban trees with road density and time: opportunity hotspots for carbon storage in urban ecosystems. Environmental Management, 73(4), 788-800.

Morrissette, H. K., Neale, P. J., Megonigal, J. P., Tzortziou, M., Canuel, E. A., Pinsonneault, A. J., & Hood, R. R. 2024. Wetland soil characteristics influence the kinetics of dissolved organic carbon sorption. Wetlands, 44(6), 81.

Nelson, J. A., Walther, S., Gans, F., Kraft, B., Weber, U., Novick, K., ... & Jung, M. 2024. X-BASE: the first terrestrial carbon and water flux products from an extended data-driven scaling framework, FLUXCOM-X. Biogeosciences, 21(22), 5079-5115.

Shi, Z., Hoffman, F. M., Xu, M., Mishra, U., Allison, S. D., Zhou, J., & Randerson, J. T. 2024. Global‐scale convergence obscures inconsistencies in soil carbon change predicted by Earth system models. AGU Advances, 5(2), e2023AV001068.

Silvy, Y., Frölicher, T. L., Terhaar, J., Joos, F., Burger, F. A., Lacroix, F., ... & Ziehn, T. 2024. AERA-MIP: emission pathways, remaining budgets, and carbon cycle dynamics compatible with 1.5 and 2° C global warming stabilization. Earth System Dynamics, 15(6), 1591-1628.

Wei, X., Hayes, D. J., Butman, D. E., Qi, J., Ricciuto, D. M., & Yang, X. 2024. Modeling exports of dissolved organic carbon from landscapes: A review of challenges and opportunities. Environmental Research Letters.

Yi, K., Li, R., Scanlon, T. M., Lerdau, M. T., Berry, J. A., & Yang, X. 2024. Impact of atmospheric dryness on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence: Tower-based observations at a temperate forest. Remote Sensing of Environment, 306, 114106.

2023

Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCO2PIP) Consortium*†, Hönisch, B., Royer, D. L., Breecker, D. O., Polissar, P. J., Bowen, G. J., ... & Zhang, L. 2023. Toward a Cenozoic history of atmospheric CO2. Science, 382(6675), eadi5177.

Liu, Z., Kimball, J. S., Ballantyne, A., Watts, J. D., Natali, S. M., Rogers, B. M., ... & Zona, D. 2023. Widespread deepening of the active layer in northern permafrost regions from 2003 to 2020. Environmental Research Letters, 19(1), 014020.

Lloyd, M. K., Stein, R. A., Ibarra, D. E., Barclay, R. S., Wing, S. L., Stahle, D. W., ... & Stolper, D. A. 2023. Isotopic clumping in wood as a proxy for photorespiration in trees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(46), e2306736120.

Marcotullio, P., Smith, S., Lamson-Hall, P., & Angel, S. 2023. On-Road Energy Efficiency and CO2 Reduction Strategies in a Small Island State: Grenada. In Urban Energy and Climate: Prospects for a Sustainable Transition (pp. 225-263).

Sanderson, B. M., Booth, B. B., Dunne, J., Eyring, V., Fisher, R. A., Friedlingstein, P., ... & Zaehle, S. 2023. The need for carbon emissions-driven climate projections in CMIP7. EGUsphere, 2023, 1-51.

Stoer, A. C., Takeshita, Y., Maurer, T. L., Begouen Demeaux, C., Bittig, H. C., Boss, E., ... & Fennel, K. 2023. A census of quality-controlled Biogeochemical-Argo float measurements. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 1233289.

Sun, W., Luo, X., Fang, Y., Shiga, Y. P., Zhang, Y., Fisher, J. B., ... & Michalak, A. M. 2023. Biome-scale temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration revealed by atmospheric CO2 observations. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 7(8), 1199-1210.

 

North American Carbon Program (NACP)

Guiding Documents

NACP Implementation Plan. 2023.

NACP Science Steering Group Chater for the North American Carbon Program. 2021

A Science Plan for Carbon Cycle Research in North American Coastal Waters. 2016

NACP Scientific Steering Group Charter. February 2008.

Denning, A.S. et al. 2005. Science implementation strategy for the North American Carbon Program. Report of the NACP Implementation Strategy Group of the U.S. Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group. Washington, DC: U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program.

Wofsy, S.C. and R.C. Hariss. 2002. The North American Carbon Program (NACP). Report of the NACP Committee of the U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Steering Group. Washington, DC: U.S. Global Change Research Program.

Other NACP-related Materials

2024 (examples)

Koontz, E. L., Parker, S. M., Stearns, A. E., Roberts, B. J., Young, C. M., Windham-Myers, L., ... & Holmquist, J. R. (2024). Controls on spatial variation in porewater methane concentrations across United States tidal wetlands. Science of The Total Environment, 957, 177290.

Neuenschwander, A., Duncanson, L., Montesano, P., Minor, D., Guenther, E., Hancock, S., Wulder, M. A., White, J. C., Purslow, M., Thomas, N., Mandel, A., Feng, T., Armston, J., Kellner, J. R., Andersen, H. E., Boschetti, L., Fekety, P., Hudak, A., Pisek, J., Sanchez-Lopez, N., Sterenczak, K. 2024. Towards global spaceborne lidar biomass: Developing and applying boreal forest biomass models for ICESat-2 laser altimetry data. Science of Remote Sensing. 10, 100150. doi: 10.1016/j.srs.2024.100150

Mekonnen, Z. A., Riley, W. J., Shirley, I. A., Bouskill, N. J., Grant, R. F. 2024. Changes in high-latitude surface energy balance driven by snowpack and vegetation dynamics under warmer climate. Environmental Research Letters. 20(1), 014031. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad98aa.

Chen, D., Fu, C., Jenkins, L. K., He, J., Wang, Z., Jandt, R. R., Frost, G. V., Bredder, A., Berner, L. T., Loboda, T. V. 2024. Regional fire-greening positive feedback loops in Alaskan Arctic tundra. Nature Plants. doi: 10.1038/s41477-024-01850-5

Kennedy, R. E., Serbin, S. P., Dietze, M. C., Andersen, H., Babcock, C., Baker, D. F., Brown, M. E., Davis, K. J., Duncanson, L., Feng, S., Hudak, A. T., Liu, J., Patterson, P. L., Raczka, B., Cochrane, M. A., Sepulveda Carlo, E. A., Vargas, R. 2024. Characterizing and communicating uncertainty: lessons from NASA's Carbon Monitoring System. Environmental Research Letters. 19(12), 123003. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad8be0


 For more NACP-related recent publications, visit NACP's Publication page. 

 

Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program (OCB)

Guiding Documents

Benway, H., Scientific Steering Committee. OCB Principles of Engagement on Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR). 2024.

Ocean Climate Action Plan. 2023

OCCC Scientific Steering Group Charter.  May 2005.

Doney, S.C. et al. 2004. Ocean Carbon and Climate Change: An Implementation Strategy for U.S. Ocean Carbon Research.  Report of the Carbon Cycle Science Ocean Interim Implementation Group for the U.S. Carbon Cycle Scientific Steering Group and Inter-Agency Working Group. Washington, DC: U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program.

Other OCB-related Materials

2024 (examples)

Capotondi, A., Coles, V. J., Clayton, S., Friedrichs, M., Gierach, M., Miller, A. J., and Stock, C. 2024. Daily to Decadal Ecological Forecasting Along North American Coastlines Workshop Report. 1-54 doi: 10.1575/1912/70991.

Millette, N. C., Leles, S. G., Johnson, M. D., Maloney, A. E., Brownlee, E. F., Cohen, N. R., ... & Moeller, H. V. (2024). Recommendations for advancing mixoplankton research through empirical-model integration. Frontiers in Marine Sciences, 05 June 2024, Sec. Marine Ecosystem Ecology, 11, 1392673. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1392673.

Palevsky, H. I., Clayton, S., Benway, H., Maheigan, M., Atamanchuk, D., Battisti, R., ... & Yoder, M. 2024. A model for community-driven development of best practices: the Ocean Observatories Initiative Biogeochemical Sensor Data Best Practices and User Guide. Frontiers in Marine Sciences, 11, 1358591. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1358591.

Carter, B. R., J. D. Sharp, M. I. García-Ibáñez, R. J. Woosley, M. B. Fong, M. Álvarez, L. Barbero, S. L. Clegg, R. Easley, A. J. Fassbender, X. Li, K. M. Schockman, Z. A. Wang 2024. Random and systematic uncertainty in ship-based seawater carbonate chemistry observations. Limnology and Oceanography, 69(10), 2473-2488

Saito, M.A., H. Alexander, H.M. Benway, P.W. Boyd, M. Gledhill, E.B. Kujawinski, N.M. Levine, M. Maheigan, A. Marchetti, I. Obernosterer, A.E. Santoro, D. Shi, K. Suzuki, A. Tagliabue, B.S. Twining, and M.T. Maldonado. 2024. The dawn of the BioGeoSCAPES program: Ocean metabolism and nutrient cycles on a changing planet. Oceanography.


 For more OCB-related recent publications, visit NACP's Publication page. 

 

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International Programs and Agreements

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

AR6 Synthesis Report: Cliamte Change. 2023

AR6 Climate Change 2022: Impmacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. 2022

AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. 2021

2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. 2019

AR6 Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. 2016

AR6 Special Report on Climate Change and Land. 2016 

AR6 Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5ºC. 2016

AR5 Synthesis Report: Climate Change. 2014

 

Global Carbon Project

Terms of Reference for the U.S. Affiliated Project Office.  Accepted August 22, 2007, Hazyview, South Africa.

 

US Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)

State of the Carbon Cycle Reports

Cavallero, N., Shrestha, G., Birdsey, R., Mayes, M. A., Najjar, R. G., Reed, S. C., Romero-Lankao, P., Zhu, Z. [eds.] 2018. State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2). 

King, A. W., Dilling, L., Zimmerman, G. P., Fairman, D. M., Houghton, R. A., Marland, G., Rose, A. Z., Wilbanks, T. J. [eds.] 2008. The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR1). 

Scientific Assessments

For the full list of USGCRP scientific assessments, please visit USGCRP Scientific Assessments.

Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States [2009]

Scientific Assessment of the Effects of Global Change on the United States [2008]

Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1: Scenarios of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations and Review of Integrated Scenario Development and Application [2007]

  • Part A: Scenarios of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations
  • Clarke, L., J. Edmonds, H. Jacoby, H. Pitcher, J. Reilly, R. Richels, 2007. Scenarios of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations. Sub-report 2.1A of Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1 by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. Department of Energy, Office of Biological & Environmental Research, Washington, DC., USA, 154 pp.
  • Entire Document 
  • Databases: Scenario information from modeling teams [xls file 1] [xls file 2]
  • Part B. Global Change Scenarios: Their Development and Use
  • Parson, E., V. Burkett, K. Fisher-Vanden, D. Keith, L. Mearns, H. Pitcher, C. Rosenzweig, M. Webster, 2007. Global Change Scenarios: Their Development and Use. Sub-report 2.1B of Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1 by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. Department of Energy, Office of Biological & Environmental Research, Washington, DC., USA, 106 pp.
  • Entire Document

Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.2: The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR) [2007]

The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR): The North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research [King, A.W., L. Dilling, G.P. Zimmerman, D.M. Fairman, R.A. Houghton, G. Marland, A.Z. Rose, and T.J. Wilbanks (eds.)]. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, USA, 242 pp.

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Our Changing Planet

The annual report of the Climate Change Science Program, Our Changing Planet, highlights recent research, outlines plans for the coming fiscal year, and includes references to recently-published scientific literature relevant to these studies. Where carbon cycle-specific sections are available (beginning in FY 2000), links are given for both the carbon cycle section(s) and the full report.

FY 2009

Chapter 5: Global Carbon Cycle  

FY 2008

Chapter 5: Global Carbon Cycle  

Full Report  

Preview  

FY 2007

Chapter 5: Global Carbon Cycle  

Full Report  

FY 2006

Chapter 5: Global Carbon Cycle  

Full Report  

FY 2004 / 2005

Chapter 5: Global Carbon Cycle  

Full Report  

FY 2003

Chapter 3: Global Carbon Cycle  

Full Report  

FY 2002

Global Carbon Cycle Chapter  

Full Report  

FY 2001

Global Carbon Cycle Chapter  

Full Report  

FY 1990

Research Plan  

Research Strategy  

 

Other Programs and Workshops

August 2013 workshop on Key Uncertainties in the Global Carbon-Cycle: Perspectives Across Terrestrial and Ocean Ecosystems.

Metz, B., O. Davidson, H. de Coninck, M. Loos, and L. Meyer (eds.). 2005. IPCC special report: carbon dioxide capture and storage. Summary for Policy Makers and Technical Summary.

Coppock, R. and S. Johnson. 2004. Direct and indirect human contributions to terrestrial carbon fluxes: a workshop summary. Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Stern, P.C. 2002. Human interactions with the carbon cycle: summary of a workshop. Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

RiOMar 2001. The transport, transformation, and fate of carbon in river-dominated ocean margins. November 1-3, 2001. New Orleans, LA.

 

Other documents

  • Japanese Translation of the Summary and Chapters 1-2 of A U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan (2011) in CGER Reports No.i112 (PDF, 10.5 MB). A Research Road Map toward Understanding Carbon Cycle Changes
    by Integrating Global Environment Observational Data and Models (only available in Japanese).
  • Climate Change Science Program. The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR): The North American carbon budget and implications for the global carbon cycle. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research [King, A.W., L. Dilling, G.P. Zimmerman, D.M. Fairman, R.A. Houghton, G. Marland, A.Z. Rose, and T.J. Wilbanks (eds.)]. Asheville, NC: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center. 
  • Hales, B. et al. [eds.]. 2008. North American Continental Margins: a synthesis and planning workshop. Report of the North American Continental Margins Working Group for the U.S. Carbon Cycle Scientific Group and Interagency Working Group. Washington, DC: U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program.

 

Prior Carbon Cycle Science Planning Working Group Documents

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Other (non-comprehensive) relevant reading materials

  1. Amundson, R. (2001). The carbon budget in soils. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 29(1), 535-562.
  2. Antonarakis, A. S., Munger, J. W., & Moorcroft, P. R. (2014). Imaging spectroscopy‐and lidar‐derived estimates of canopy composition and structure to improve predictions of forest carbon fluxes and ecosystem dynamics. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(7), 2535-2542.
  3. Antonarakis, A. S., Siqueira, P., & Munger, J. W. (2017). Using multi-source data from lidar, radar, imaging spectroscopy, and national forest inventories to simulate forest carbon fluxes. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 38(19), 5464-5486.
  4. Antonarakis, A. S., Bogan, S. A., Goulden, M. L., & Moorcroft, P. R. (2022). Impacts of the 2012–2015 Californian drought on carbon, water and energy fluxes in the Californian Sierras: Results from an imaging spectrometry‐constrained terrestrial biosphere model. Global Change Biology, 28(5), 1823-1852.
  5. Barnet, C. D., Goldberg, M. D., McMillin, L., & Chahine, M. T. (2004, October). Remote sounding of trace gases with the EOS/AIRS instrument. In Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization: An End-to-End System Perspective (Vol. 5548, pp. 300-312). SPIE.
  6. Barnet, C. D., Goldberg, M., McMillin, L., Maddy, E. S., & Chahine, M. T. (2005, January). Remote sounding of trace gases from advanced sounders. In Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment (p. HMC3). Optica Publishing Group.
  7. Barth, J. A. C., Freitag, H., Fowler, H. J., Smith, A. P., Ingle, C., & Karim, A. (2007). Water fluxes and their control on the terrestrial carbon balance: Results from a stable isotope study on the Clyde Watershed (Scotland). Applied geochemistry, 22(12), 2684-2694.
  8. Bates, N. R., & Peters, A. J. (2007). The contribution of atmospheric acid deposition to ocean acidification in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Chemistry, 107(4), 547-558.
  9. Bender, M., Doney, S., Feely, R. A., Fung, I., Gruber, N., Harrison, D. E., Keeling, R., Moore, J. K., Sarmiento, J., Sarachik, E., Stephens, B., Takahashi, T., Tans, P., Wanninkhof, R. (2002). A Report of the In Situ Large-Scale CO2 Observations Working Group.
  10. Bender, M. et al. 2002. A large-scale CO2 observing plan: in situ oceans and atmosphere (LSCOP).  A Report of the In Situ Large-Scale CO2 Observations Working Group. A Contribution to the Implementation of the U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan. Seattle, WA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  11. Benitez‐Nelson, C. (2012). “US Carbon Cycle Science Plan” Released. Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin, 21(1), 4-5.
  12. Bhat, N. A., Khare, P. K., Dar, J. A., Khan, M. L., Rather, M. Y., & Sundarapandian, S. M. (2018). Climate Change Combat –A Conspectus. International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, 13(2), 38-41.
  13. Birdsey, R., Bates, N., Behrenfeld, M., Davis, K., Doney, S. C., Feely, R., ... & Tucker, C. J. (2009). Carbon cycle observations: gaps threaten climate mitigation policies. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 90(34), 292-292.
  14. Bonnie, R. J., Ford, M. A., & Phillips, J. K. (2017). A Consensus Study Report of.
  15. Braswell, B., Martin, M., & Schloss, A. Exploring ecosystems and the atmosphere in the K-12 classroom: a plan to integrate NASA carbon cycle science with GLOBE.
  16. Brown, M. E., Ihli, M., Hendrick, O., Delgado-Arias, S., Escobar, V. M., & Griffith, P. (2016). Social network and content analysis of the North American Carbon Program as a scientific community of practice. Social Networks, 44, 226-237.
  17. Brown, M. E., Cooper, M. W., & Griffith, P. C. (2020). NASA’s carbon monitoring system (CMS) and arctic-boreal vulnerability experiment (ABoVE) social network and community of practice. Environmental Research Letters, 15(11), 115014.
  18. Brown, M. E., Mitchell, C., Halabisky, M., Gustafson, B., do Rosario Gomes, H., Goes, J. I., ... & Poulter, B. (2023). Assessment of the NASA carbon monitoring system wet carbon stakeholder community: data needs, gaps, and opportunities. Environmental Research Letters, 18(8), 084005.
  19. Bricklemyer, R. S., Brown, D. J., Turk, P. J., & Clegg, S. M. (2013). Improved intact soil-core carbon determination applying regression shrinkage and variable selection techniques to complete spectrum laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Applied Spectroscopy, 67(10), 1185-1199.
  20. Brown, M. E., Ihli, M., Hendrick, O., Delgado-Arias, S., Escobar, V. M., & Griffith, P. (2016). Social network and content analysis of the North American Carbon Program as a scientific community of practice. Social Networks, 44, 226-237.
  21. Cai, W. J., Bates, N. R., Guo, L., Anderson, L. G., Mathis, J., Wanninkhof, R., ... & Semiletov, I. (2013). Carbon Fluxes across Boundaries in the Pacific Sector of the Arctic Ocean in a Changing Environment.
  22. Cai, W. J., Bates, N. R., Guo, L., Anderson, L. G., Mathis, J. T., Wanninkhof, R., ... & Semiletov, I. P. (2014). Carbon fluxes across boundaries in the Pacific Arctic region in a changing environment. The Pacific Arctic region: ecosystem status and trends in a rapidly changing environment, 199-222.
  23. Campbell, P. K., Huemmrich, K. F., Middleton, E. M., Cheng, Y. B., Corp, L. A., & Parker, G. (2008, July). Foliar Bio-Physical and Spectral Properties Associated with Light Environment in a Mature Poplar Stand. In IGARSS 2008-2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Vol. 2, pp. II-793). IEEE.
  24. Campbell, J. F., Lin, B., Dobler, J., Pal, S., Davis, K., Obland, M. D., ... & Kochanov, R. (2020). Field evaluation of column CO2 retrievals from intensity‐modulated continuous‐wave differential absorption lidar measurements during the ACT‐America campaign. Earth and Space Science, 7(12), e2019EA000847.
  25. Canu, D. M., Ghermandi, A., Nunes, P. A., Lazzari, P., Cossarini, G., & Solidoro, C. (2015). Estimating the value of carbon sequestration ecosystem services in the Mediterranean Sea: An ecological economics approach. Global Environmental Change, 32, 87-95.
  26. Carrillo, C. J. (2002). Processes controlling carbon dioxide in seawater. University of Hawai'i at Manoa.
  27. Carson, D. WCRP GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE STUDY: A PROPOSED FRAMEWORK.
  28. Chantjaroen, C. (2018). Singly-Resonant OPO for CO2/CH4 DIAL Transmitter for Use in Atmospheric Studies. วารสาร วิชาการ โรงเรียน นาย ร้อย พระ จุลจอมเกล้า, 16(1), 143-154.
  29. Chatterjee, S., Swain, C. K., Nayak, A. K., Chatterjee, D., Bhattacharyya, P., Mahapatra, S. S., ... & Dhal, B. (2020). Partitioning of eddy covariance-measured net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 in tropical lowland paddy. Paddy and Water Environment, 18, 623-636.
  30. Chatterjee, S., Swain, C. K., Nayak, A. K., Chatterjee, D., Bhattacharyya, P., Mahapatra, S. S., ... & Dhal, B. (2020). Partitioning of eddy covariance‑measured net ecosystem exchange of CO.
  31. Chen, J., Paw U, K. T., Ustin, S. L., Suchanek, T. H., Bond, B. J., Brosofske, K. D., & Falk, M. (2004). Net ecosystem exchanges of carbon, water, and energy in young and old-growth Douglas-fir forests. Ecosystems, 7, 534-544.
  32. Chen, J., Brosofske, K. D., Noormets, A., Crow, T. R., Bresee, M. K., Le Moine, J. M., ... & Zheng, D. (2004). A working framework for quantifying carbon sequestration in disturbed land mosaics. Environmental Management, 33, S210-S221.
  33. Chen, C. T. A., Wang, S. L., Chou, W. C., & Sheu, D. D. (2006). Carbonate chemistry and projected future changes in pH and CaCO3 saturation state of the South China Sea. Marine Chemistry, 101(3-4), 277-305.
  34. Coleman, M. D., Isebrands, J. G., Tolsted, D. N., & Tolbert, V. R. (2004). Comparing soil carbon of short rotation poplar plantations with agricultural crops and woodlots in North Central United States. Environmental Management, 33, S299-S308.
  35. Cook, R. B., Post, W. M., Hook, L. A., & Mccord, R. A. (2009). A conceptual framework for management of carbon sequestration data and models. Geophysical Monograph Series, 183, 325-333.
  36. Cooley, S. R., Jewett, E. B., Reichert, J., Robbins, L., Shrestha, G., Wieczorek, D., & Weisberg, S. B. (2015). Getting ocean acidification on decision makers' to-do lists: dissecting the process through case studies. Oceanography, 28(2), 198-211.
  37. Corbett, A. (2018). Validation, Analysis of Annual Cycle, and Biogenic Sequestration of CO2, and Modulation of CH4 (Doctoral dissertation).
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